The objective of this study was to determine antiretroviral adherence and associated factors. Interviews were conducted in 400 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients attending outpatient departments at public hospitals in Trang province who had received antiretroviral therapy for more than 6 months. Data were supplemented by medical record reviews.
Results: Eighty seven point three percent of the patients were HIV-infected through sexual contact and 47.2 % had HIV-related symptoms at the time of first HIV diagnosis. Mean duration of antiretroviral therapy was 45.6±24.4 months. The rate of non-adherence measured by pill counts was 23.5% (i.e.; taking less than 95% of the prescribed doses). Independent risk factors for antiretroviral nonadherence were missing an appointment (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.94; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): 1.07-3.51), knowing their own CD4 levels (OR=2.14, 95% CI: 1.20-3.79), and type of hospital. Patients attending secondary hospital were more likely to be non-adherent (OR=3.74; 95% CI: 2.20-6.37). This study indicated that, in the era of universal access to antiretrovirals, attempts should be made to scale up early HIV testing. Periodic monitoring and adherence support interventions are needed, especially among patients who are at risk for nonadherence.