Neurological complications of chemotherapy and radiotherapy are common problems in oncology practice. They can affect the central nervous system and/or the peripheral nervous system. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of these complications are not fully understood. The consequences of these complications include dose-limiting, permanent discontinuation of treatment, and substantial reduction in patients’ quality of life. Due to effective treatments for therapy-induced neurotoxicity are still limited, early awareness of neurological complications is important to prevent permanent damage