This article aims to present the importance, indication and contraindication of enucleation and evisceration. Enucleation is an operation to remove all parts of the eyeball, but evisceration is the removal of some parts of the eyeball, leaving the sclera, extraocular muscles and optic nerve intact. Therefore, evisceration is an absolute contraindication for diagnosed or suspected cases of intraocular malignancy. Some cases are controversial as to whether or not to perform evisceration or enucleation. If the disease has no contraindication for evisceration, the surgeon should perform evisceration as the first choice. Although the risk for sympathetic ophthalmia exists, this is very rare. A good surgical technique can create the ideal anophthalmic socket and fit a prosthesis to look like a normal eye. Evisceration also has a better outcome in cosmesis and prosthetic movement. Patients with an anophthalmic socket have some complications that the ophthalmologists should take into account including wearing polycarbonate glasses to prevent an accident from damaging the other eye.